Tranexamic acid
Tranexamic acid is safe for most skin types and offers benefits for treating melasma, hyperpigmentation, and other skin discolorations. Derived from the amino acid lysine, Tranexamic acid has traditionally been used orally to manage heavy menstrual bleeding. When applied topically, it can modify melanin production in the skin, helping to prevent uneven skin tone by interrupting pathways that lead to discoloration.
The skin barrier, the outermost layer of the skin, functions as a protective shield, maintaining moisture while keeping out toxins and irritants. In a small 2015 study, participants who applied 3 percent Tranexamic acid to their skin for 2 weeks showed fewer visible signs of rosacea compared to those who did not use the treatment. Researchers attributed this improvement to enhanced skin barrier function.
Tranexamic acid can act as a brightening agent, reducing dark spots and improving hyperpigmentation by interfering with melanin production. A 2019 study investigated the effects of two treatments for melasma, a condition that causes brown or grey patches on the face. Participants used either Tranexamic acid or hydroquinone, a skin-lightening agent. After 12 weeks, melasma severity decreased by 27 percent in both groups. However, participants using Tranexamic acid reported higher satisfaction due to fewer side effects, such as skin irritation.